Structure Analysis of the Interfering Substance N-methyl-2-phenylpropan-1-amine of Methamphetamine in Wastewater / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To analyze the chemical structure of the interfering substance that affects the result of methamphetamine analysis in wastewater.@*METHODS@#A combination of GC-MS and liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) was used to analyze the mass spectrum characteristics of the interfering substance that affects the result of methamphetamine analysis and to infer its possible structure. Liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry (LC-TQ-MS) was used to confirm the control material.@*RESULTS@#Using LC-QTOF-MS in positive electrospray ionization (ESI+) mode, the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of quasi-molecular ion in the MS1 mass spectrometry of interfering substance was identical to that of methamphetamine, indicating that the interfering substance was probably an isomer of methamphetamine. The MS2 mass spectra obtained at three collision energies of 15 V, 30 V and 45 V were highly similar to methamphetamine, suggesting that the interfering substance contained methylamino and benzyl groups. Further analysis using GC-MS in electron impact (EI) ionization mode showed that the base peak in the mass spectrum of the interfering substance was at m/z 44. The interfering substance was confirmed to be N-methyl-2-phenylpropan-1-amine by compared with the standard reference.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The chemical structure of N-methyl-2-phenylpropan-1-amine is highly similar to methamphetamine, which is easy to cause interference for the detection of trace amounts of methamphetamine in wastewater using LC-TQ-MS. Therefore, in the actual analysis, the chromatographic retention time can be used to distinguish between N-methyl-2-phenylpropan-1-amine and methamphetamine.

Genome-wide long non-coding RNA association study on Han Chinese women identifies lncHSAT164 as a novel susceptibility gene for breast cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)-associated genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can contribute to human disease. To comprehensively investigate the contribution of lncRNAs to breast cancer, we performed the first genome-wide lncRNA association study on Han Chinese women.@*METHODS@#We designed an lncRNA array containing >800,000 SNPs, which was incorporated into a 96-array plate by Affymetrix (CapitalBio Technology, China). Subsequently, we performed a two-stage genome-wide lncRNA association study on Han Chinese women covering 11,942 individuals (5634 breast cancer patients and 6308 healthy controls). Additionally, in vitro gain or loss of function strategies were performed to clarify the function of a novel SNP-associated gene.@*RESULTS@#We identified a novel breast cancer-associated susceptibility SNP, rs11066150 (Pmeta = 2.34 × 10-8), and a previously reported SNP, rs9397435 (Pmeta = 4.32 × 10-38), in Han Chinese women. rs11066150 is located in NONHSAT164009.1 (lncHSAT164), which is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. lncHSAT164 overexpression promoted colony formation, whereas lncHSAT164 knockdown promoted cell apoptosis and reduced colony formation by regulating the cell cycle.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Based on our lncRNA array, we identified a novel breast cancer-associated lncRNA and found that lncHSAT164 may contribute to breast cancer by regulating the cell cycle. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.

Intra-articular injection of compound betamethasone and hyaluronic acid for the treatment of moderate-severe knee osteoarthritis:a randomized controlled trial / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare clinical effects of compound betamethasone and compound betamethasone with hyaluronic acid in treating moderate-severe knee osteoarthritis (KOA).@*METHODS@#A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted in 116 patients with unilateral moderate-severe KOA patients from February 2017 to November 2017 and divided into observation group and control group, 58 patients in each group. In observation group, there were 15 males and 43 females aged from 45 to 80 years old with an average of (66.45±6.31) years old;according to Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L) classification, 42 patients were type Ⅲ and 16 patients were type Ⅳ;the courses of disease ranged from 4 to 8 years with an average of (5.25±2.21) years;the patients were treated by injecting 1 ml compound betamethasone into knee joint. In control group, there were 13 males and 45 females aged from 45 to 80 years old with an average of (64.89±6.41) years old;according to K-L classification, 43 patients were type Ⅲ and 15 patients were type Ⅳ;the courses of disease ranged from 4 to 10 years with an average of (5.41±2.35) years;the patients were treated by knee joint injection of 4 ml hyaluronic acid and 1 ml compound betamethasone. Visual analog scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were used to evaluate clinical effects before treatment and 1 week, 1, month, 3 and 6 months after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Totally 55 patients in observation group were followed up for 6 months, and 3 patients were quit at 3 months after treatment for poor efficacy. Totally 56 patients in control group were followed up for 6 months, and 2 patients were withdrew from the follow-up on the first and third month respectively for poor efficacy. There were no statistical difference in VAS and WOMAC between two groups before treatment and different time points after treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#For patients with moderate-severe KOA, there is no significant difference in therapeutic effect between compound betamethasone injection and compound betamethasone combined with hyaluronic acid injection, and long-term effect of two methods is not good.

Clinical efficacy of 595-nm pulsed-dye laser in treatment of childhood facial spider nevi: a retrospective study of 110 patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Spider nevi (SN) are quite common in children. SN are treated via different techniques, and complete removal often requires multiple treatments. However, few studies have evaluated the treatment of SN. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of a 595-nm pulsed-dye laser (PDL) for treating facial SN in children.@*Methods@#A total of 110 children aged 0.2 to 12 years with facial SN were treated with a 595-nm PDL in a single institution from January 2016 to February 2018. In accordance with the treatment method, the patients were retrospectively divided into the small-spot-combined-with-large-spot group (SL-group) and the large-spot group (L-group). Patients with poor therapeutic results were retreated every 6 weeks until the lesions disappeared. The minimum follow-up period was 1 year. The groups were compared using independent-samples t tests, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, and Fisher exact probability test.@*Results@#The therapeutic efficacy was significantly higher in the SL-group than in the L-group, with clearance rates of 90.9% and 53.0% after the primary treatment, respectively (χ2= 17.937, P < 0.001). For skin lesions with a central spider body diameter ≥1 mm, the once-treatment cure rates were 100% in the SL-group and 34.8% in the L-group (χ2 = 20.780, P < 0.001). For skin lesions with a central spider body diameter <1 mm, the once-treatment cure rates were 82.6% in the SL-group and 62.8% in the L-group (χ2 = 3.961, P = 0.138). The rates of adverse reactions and recurrence did not differ between the two groups (P = 0.141 and P = 1.000, respectively).@*Conclusions@#The 595-nm PDL might be a safe and effective treatment option for facial SN in children. The small-spot-combined-with-large-spot method is especially suitable for SN with a central spider body diameter ≥1 mm.

Clinical efficacy of 595-nm pulsed-dye laser in treatment of childhood facial spider nevi: a retrospective study of 110 patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Spider nevi (SN) are quite common in children. SN are treated via different techniques, and complete removal often requires multiple treatments. However, few studies have evaluated the treatment of SN. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of a 595-nm pulsed-dye laser (PDL) for treating facial SN in children.@*METHODS@#A total of 110 children aged 0.2 to 12 years with facial SN were treated with a 595-nm PDL in a single institution from January 2016 to February 2018. In accordance with the treatment method, the patients were retrospectively divided into the small-spot-combined-with-large-spot group (SL-group) and the large-spot group (L-group). Patients with poor therapeutic results were re-treated every 6 weeks until the lesions disappeared. The minimum follow-up period was 1 year. The groups were compared using independent-samples t tests, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, and Fisher exact probability test.@*RESULTS@#The therapeutic efficacy was significantly higher in the SL-group than in the L-group, with clearance rates of 90.9% and 53.0% after the primary treatment, respectively (χ = 17.937, P < 0.001). For skin lesions with a central spider body diameter ≥1 mm, the once-treatment cure rates were 100% in the SL-group and 34.8% in the L-group (χ = 20.780, P < 0.001). For skin lesions with a central spider body diameter <1 mm, the once-treatment cure rates were 82.6% in the SL-group and 62.8% in the L-group (χ = 3.961, P = 0.138). The rates of adverse reactions and recurrence did not differ between the two groups (P = 0.141 and P = 1.000, respectively).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The 595-nm PDL might be a safe and effective treatment option for facial SN in children. The small-spot-combined-with-large-spot method is especially suitable for SN with a central spider body diameter ≥1 mm.

Comparison between recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-34) and elcatonin in treatment of primary osteoporosis

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rhPTH (1-34) vs. elcatonin. Methods: Sixty patients with primary OP were randomly divided into two groups according to the ratio of 3:1. rhPTH (1-34) group (PTH group) was treated with subcutaneous injection of rhPTH (1-34) 20 μ g daily for 18 months, and the elcatonin group (CT group) was treated with intramuscular injection of elcatonin 20 U weekly for 12 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine 2-4 (L2-4) and femoral neck, serum calcium and phosphorus, urinary calcium, serum bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), and urinary c-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen/creatinine (uCTX-I/Cr) were tested at baseline, and 6, 12, and 18 months after treatment. Results: In PTH group, BMD of L2-4 at 6, 12, and 18 months, BDM of femoral neck at 18 month, BSAP at 6 and 12 months and uCTX- I/Cr at 6, 12 and 18 months were all significantly raised. In CT group, BMD of L2-4 at 12 month and that of femoral neck at 12 and 18 months were significantly elevated, while BSAP was significantly decreased at 12 and 18 months, and no significant difference on CTX- I/Cr was observed. When BMD growth and growth rate between two groups were compared, PTH group had better improvement in L2-4 BMD and growth rate than CT group at 6, 12, and 18 months. BMD growth and growth rate of femoral neck at 12 month and its growth at 18 month in CT group were higher than in PTH group, but there was no significant difference between two groups regarding the growth rates at 18 month. Besides, there were no significant differences regarding the rates of adverse reactions between two groups. Conclusions: rhPTH (1-34), is safe and effective in the treatment of primary OP. It is superior to elcatonin in improving vertebral BMD at onset time, growth rate and growth range, but inferior to elcatonin at BMD of femoral neck.

Effect of high-fat diet on cholesterol metabolism in rats and its association with Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase/Src/pERK signaling pathway / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Abnormal cholesterol metabolism is associated with an elevated risk of developing atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes etc. Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase was found to regulate cholesterol synthesis, distribution and trafficking. This study aimed to examine the effect of high-fat diet on cholesterol metabolism in rats and the role of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase/Src/ERK signaling pathway in the process. Forty male SD rats were evenly divided into high-fat diet group and control group at random. Animals in the former group were fed on high-fat diet for 12 weeks, and those fed on basic diet served as control. Blood lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein-cholesteral (LDL-C) levels, were detected at 3, 6 and 12 weeks. The ratio of cholesterol content in cytoplasm to that in cell membrane was detected in liver tissues. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expression of lipid metabolism-associated genes (HMG-CoA reductase and SREBP-2) after 12-week high-fat diet. Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase/Src/ERK signaling pathway-related components (Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase α1, Src-PY418 and pERK1/2) were also measured by Western blotting. The results showed that the serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were significantly higher in high-fat diet group than those in control group, while the HDL-C level was significantly lower in high-fat diet group at 6 weeks (P<0.01). High-fat diet led to an increase in the cholesterol content in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. The ratio of cholesterol content in cytoplasm to that in cell membrane was elevated over time. The expression of HMG-CoA reductase and SREBP-2 was significantly suppressed at mRNA and protein levels after 12-week high-fat diet (P<0.05). Moreover, high-fat diet promoted the expression of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase α1 but suppressed the phosphorylation of Src-PY418 and ERK1/2 at 12 weeks (P<0.05). It was concluded that high-fat diet regulates cholesterol metabolism, and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase signaling pathway is involved in the process possibly by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-associated proteins HMG-CoA reductase and SREBP-2.

Comparison between recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-34) and elcatonin in treatment of primary osteoporosis

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rhPTH (1-34) vs. elcatonin.@*METHODS@#Sixty patients with primary OP were randomly divided into two groups according to the ratio of 3:1. rhPTH (1-34) group (PTH group) was treated with subcutaneous injection of rhPTH (1-34) 20 μ g daily for 18 months, and the elcatonin group (CT group) was treated with intramuscular injection of elcatonin 20 U weekly for 12 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine 2-4 (L2-4) and femoral neck, serum calcium and phosphorus, urinary calcium, serum bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), and urinary c-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen/creatinine (uCTX-I/Cr) were tested at baseline, and 6, 12, and 18 months after treatment.@*RESULTS@#In PTH group, BMD of L2-4 at 6, 12, and 18 months, BDM of femoral neck at 18 month, BSAP at 6 and 12 months and uCTX- I/Cr at 6, 12 and 18 months were all significantly raised. In CT group, BMD of L2-4 at 12 month and that of femoral neck at 12 and 18 months were significantly elevated, while BSAP was significantly decreased at 12 and 18 months, and no significant difference on CTX- I/Cr was observed. When BMD growth and growth rate between two groups were compared, PTH group had better improvement in L2-4 BMD and growth rate than CT group at 6, 12, and 18 months. BMD growth and growth rate of femoral neck at 12 month and its growth at 18 month in CT group were higher than in PTH group, but there was no significant difference between two groups regarding the growth rates at 18 month. Besides, there were no significant differences regarding the rates of adverse reactions between two groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#rhPTH (1-34), is safe and effective in the treatment of primary OP. It is superior to elcatonin in improving vertebral BMD at onset time, growth rate and growth range, but inferior to elcatonin at BMD of femoral neck.

One Case of Multiple Myeloma with Central Never System Infiltration / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyses and summarize a case of multiple myeloma with disseminated infiltration in central nervous system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The results of laboratorial examination and clinical data were analyzed and compared in the light of published literatures.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The headache and diplopia were caused by infiltration of multiple myeloma cells to the central nervous system. Unlike those reported in the literatures, this case was a rare case of disseminated infiltration inside the brain, and plasma cells were CD56+, this patient has not yet accepted any multiple myeloma-associated treatment as like that reported in the literatures. And different from cases reported, this patient showed a good response to the intrathecal chemotherapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Whether this good response is due to a heterogeneity of MM or effect of treatment-associated drug is still to be decided.</p>

BMMSC from blastic phase CML down-regulate leukemia cell apoptosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blastic phase (Bp) on K562 cells and the primary CML-Bp cells, and to explore its potential mechanisms. K562 cells and primary CML-Bp cells were co-cultured with BMMSC of different groups; the cell proliferation was detected by MTT method, the cell apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured by flow cytometry, the expression levels of Caspase-8, Caspase-9, and activated Caspase-3 in cells were measured by Western blot. The results showed that the CML-Bp BMMSC could enhance the survival rate of K562 cells treated with adviamycin (ADM) and display protective effect on K562 cells and primary CML-Bp mononuctear cells, inhibited ADM-induced leukimia cell apoptosis (P < 0.05); as compared with CML-chronic phase (CML-Cp) BMMSC and normal BMMSC, the CML-Bp BMMSC showed the highest protective effect on leukemic cells, the mitochondrial membrane potential of co-cultured cells slightly droped (P < 0.05). In the CML-Bp BMMSC cultured with K562 cells, the expression level of caspase-3 was more down-regulated than that in K562 alone plus ADM group, while the expression of caspase-9 significantly increased (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the CML-Bp BMMSC down-regulates ADM-induced leukemia cell appoptosis, its mechanism may relate with the inhibition of mitochondrial membrane potential drop, the stabilization of unactive expression of caspase-9 and down-regulation of caspase-3 expression.

MNPs-Fe₃O₄mediates malignant Hematolpoectic cell apoptosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to evaluate whether the safe concentration of magnetic nanoparticles of Fe₃O₄(MNPs-Fe₃O₄) for monocytes could induce the SKM-1 cell apoptosis. The average size and Zeta potential of MNPs-Fe₃O₄were determined by transmission electron microscopy and the Malvern Zetasizer 3000 HS, respectively. The cell viability after being exposed to MNPs-Fe₃O₄for 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours was detected by using cell count Kit-8. The cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI double staining and Wright-Giemsa staining. The cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry. The levels of active caspase-3, survivin and bcl-rambo in cells treated with MNPs-Fe₃O₄and/or trolox for 48 hours were detected with Western blot. The results showed that the cell viability decreased in SKM-1 cells after exposure to 50 µmol/L and 100 µmol/L MNPs-Fe₃O₄(P < 0.05), but did not in monocytes (P > 0.05), compared with that of each non-MNPs-Fe₃O₄-treated group. This exposure also induced the SKM-1 cells to be arrested in G0/G1. Annexin V/PI staining assay showed that cell apoptotic rate induced by 100 µmol/L MNPs-Fe₃O₄was significantly high in SKM-1 cells while not so high in monocytes, and the pretreatment with trolox could attenuate the apoptosis. Moreover, the active caspase-3 increased in SKM-1 cells after the exposure to MNPs-Fe₃O₄, while that was not in monocytes, and the increased expression of BCL-rambo and the decreased expression of survivin involved in the process were also observed. It is concluded that MNPs-Fe₃O₄can induce the caspase 3-dependent SKM-1 cell apoptosis by increasing the BCL-rambo expression and decreasing the survivin expression, but this cytotoxic effect can not be observed in monocyte's.

One Mutation of the ED1 Gene in a Chinese Han Family with X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia

No abstract available.

Effects of electroacupuncture at different acupoints on learning and memory ability and PSD-95 protein expression on hippocampus CA1 in rats with autism / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) at Changqiang (GV 1) or Baihui (GV 20) on autism based on molecular biology.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The autism model was established by intraperitoneal injection of sodium valproate (VPA) in Wistar pregnant rats. Forty young rats with autism were selected and randomly divided into a model group, a non-acupoint group, an electroacupuncture at "Changqiang" (GV 1) (EAGV 1 for short) group and an electroacupuncture at "Baihui" (GV 20) (EAGV 20 for short) group. Another 10 normal young rats were selected as a blank group. In the EAGV 1 group, acupuncture was applied at Houhai [as Changqiang (GV 1)], then EA apparatus was connected with continuous wave, 2 Hz, 20 min, once a day for consecutive 20 days. The same EA manipulation as EAGV 1 group was used in the EAGV 20 group where "Baihui" (GV 20) was selected and non-acupoint group where non-acupoint in the right rib was selected. Blank group and model group were reared under the same conditions without any intervention. The escape latency and the ratio of swimming distance in platform quadrant to total swimming distance in each group were observed by using Morris water maze, and the PSD-95 protein expression in hippocampal CA 1 was measured by immunohistochemical techniques.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the blank group, the escape latency in the model group and the non-acupoint group lengthened (both P < 0.05), the ratio of swimming distance in platform quadrant to total swimming distance was decreased (both P < 0.05), the PSD-95 protein expression was decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the escape latency in the EAGV 1 group and the EAGV 20 group were decreased (both P < 0.05), the ratio of swimming distance in platform quadrant to total swimming distance was increased, the PSD-95 protein expression was increased (both P < 0.05). But the escape latency, the ratio of swimming distance in platform quadrant to total swimming distance and the PSD-95 protein expression had no significant difference between EAGV 1 group and EAGV 20 group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electroacupuncture at Changqiang (GV 1) or Baihui (GV 20) can respectively improve learning and memory ability of rats with autism, which has no significant difference and the mechanism of action may be related to regulation of the PSD-95 protein expression.</p>

A Novel Missense Mutation of Keratin 17 Gene in a Chinese Family with Steatocystoma Multiplex

No abstract available.

Impacts on IEMG of gastrocnemius muscle for children with cerebral palsy treated with different intervention order / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the impacts on integrated electromyogram (IEMG) of gastrocnemius muscle of the children with spastic cerebral palsy treated with different intervention order of acupuncture and kinesithera py.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-nine children with spastic cerebral palsy were randomly divided into group A (15 cases) in which the patients were treated with acupuncture before kinesitherapy, and group B (14 cases) in which the patients were treated with acupuncture after kinesitherapy. In group A, acupuncture was applied at Weizhong (BL 40) and Chengshan (BL 57). Afterward, Bobath kinesitherapy was adopted. In group B, Bobath kinesitherapy was adopted at first, and acupuncture was applied at Weizhong (BL 40) and Chengshan (BL 57) afterward. The instant changes of IEMG after treatment were recorded in each group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Group A: after single acupuncture and the combined intervention in which acupuncture was applied together with kinesitherapy, IEMG increased apparently (both P < 0.05). There was no significant difference statistically in IEMG after acupuncture as compared with that after the combined intervention of acupuncture and kinesitherapy (P > 0.05). (2) Group B: after single kinesitherapy and the combined intervention in which acupuncture was applied together with kinesitherapy, IEMG increased in tendency, but no statistically significant difference indicated (both P > 0.05). (3) In comparison of IEMG after treatment between two groups, there was no significant difference statistically (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The different intervention order of acupuncture and kinesitherapy impacts significantly IEMG of gastrocnemius muscle of the children with spastic cerebral palsy. In order to avoid hypermyotonia of gastrocnemius muscle after treatment, kinesitherapy should be applied before acupuncture in priority.</p>

Relationship between condyle movement and disc position in patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between condyle movement and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty patients (from 11 to 12 years old) with Class II division 1 malocclusion before treatment were collected. Computer aided diagnosis axiograph (CADIAX) and magnetic resonance images (MRI) were used to analyze the condyle movement between disc displacement and normal groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sensitive values were found in open/close process in patients with disc displacement: Y [Left: (0.32 +/- 0.10) mm, Right: (-0.91 +/- 0.49) mm ], Z [Left: (4.20 +/- 0.70) mm, Right: (3.44 +/- 0.21) mm], sagittal condylar inclination (SCI) [Left: (32.48 +/- 7.70) degrees , Right: (33.47 +/- 12.60) degrees ] and horizontal condylar inclination (TCI) [Left: (-2.60 +/- 2.02) degrees , R: (-9.23 +/- 5.58) degrees ], and those items showed significant difference between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The side shift of condyle movement in maximum open/close process might be the inducement of disc displacement. It was revealed that the changes in condyle movement could give useful information in early stage of functional treatment.</p>

Bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate versus monopolar transurethral prostatectomy: a pathological study in a canine model / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the postoperative depths of the coagulation zones and pathological changes between bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate with plasmakinetic energy (PKRP) and monopolar transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) in canines.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-five male dogs were randomly divided into a PKRP group (n = 12), a TURP group (n = 12) and a sham-operation control group (n = 1). The dogs were sacrificed, their prostates harvested at 0 week (immediately after surgery), 1 week, 2 weeks and 8 weeks postoperatively and sectioned for pathologic analysis and measurement of the coagulation zones.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 0, 1 and 2 weeks after the operation, the coagulation depths were (237.73 +/- 20.12) microm, (113.03 +/- 16.65) microm and (106.01 +/- 16.36) microm in the PKRP group, and (200.75 +/-19.34) microm, (129.46 +/- 17.81) microm and (116.04 +/- 25.67) microm in the TURP group (P < 0.01). At 8 weeks, the coagulation zones completely peeled off and the wounds were covered by regenerated urothelial in both of the groups. At 0, 1, 2 and 8 weeks, different inflammatory reactions were observed in the prostates of the PKRP and TURP groups, with some glandular lumens beneath the coagulation zones expanded and epithelia damaged. However, none of these phenomena occurred in the sham-operation control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pathologically, PKRP and TURP inflicted basically similar effects on the prostate of the canine. However, the coagulation zone was deeper intraoperatively and became thinner postoperatively with the former than with the latter, which suggests that PKRP causes less bleeding and less penetrative thermal damage than TURP.</p>

Preliminary study on the effect of TRAIL on adhesion and apoptosis of multiple myeloma cell line RPMI8226 and its mechanism / 中国实验血液学杂志

The present study was purposed to investigate the inhibition effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) on growth of RPMI8226 cells and adhesion between RPMI8226 cells and bone marrow stroma cells (BMSC), and to explore its mechanism as well. The inhibition effects of TRAIL on cells growth and adhesion were assayed by MTT; cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V and PI; expression of genes bax, bcl-2, mcl-1, CARP1, CARP2, XIAP and cFLIP were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR; apoptosis-related protein expression was detected by Western blot. The results showed that TRAIL inhibited the proliferation of RPMI8226 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. TRAIL induced apoptosis in RPMI8226 cells, the expression level of genes bcl-2, mcl-1, CARP1, CARP2, XIAP and cFLIP decreased, while the expression level of Bax increased, but the expression level of caspase-3 and NF-kappaB P65(RelA) proteins decreased. Moreover, TRAIL up-regulated the expression level of adherent molecule CXCR4 in RPMI8226 cells significantly. It is concluded that TRAIL up-regulated the expression level of adherent molecule CXCR4 in RPMI8226 cells significantly, and induced the apoptosis of RPMI8226 cells. Growth inhibition effect of TRAIL on RPMI8226 cells is in dose- and time-dependent manners.

Effect of a methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine on SHP-1 gene expression, proliferation and apoptosis in K562 cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of 5-aza-CdR on transcription of SHP-1 gene and effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of K562 cells. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was used to detect CpG island methylation in SHP-1 promoter. MTT and flow cytometry were used to detect the growth and apoptosis of K562 cells after treatment with different concentration of 5-aza-CdR. The expressions of SHP-1 mRNA and protein were determined by FQ-PCR and Western blot. The expression of p-JAK2 was assayed by Western blot. The result showed that methylation of SHP-1 gene promoter was detected in K562 cells, and the SHP-1 mRNA and protein were expressed again in K562 cells after treatment with 5-aza-CdR, meanwhile the expression of phosphorylated P-JAK2 was down-regulated; 5-aza-CdR significantly inhibited the cell growth in dose and time dependent manners. AG490 inhibited the cell proliferation. 5-aza-CdR increased the apoptosis rate of K562 cells also in dose- and time-dependent manners. The apoptosis rates of K562 cells treated with 5-aza-CdR for 1, 3 and 5 days were 9.3%, 24.2% and 37.7% respectively. After treatment with 2 micromol/L 5-aza-CdR for 24 hours, cells in G(0)/G(1) phase increased gradually, cells in G(2)/M phase decreased gradually, cells were arrested in G(0)/G(1) phase. The cell ratios in G(2)/M phase at 1, 3 and 5 days after treatment with 5-aza-CdR were 30.7%, 23.45 and 19.3% respectively. It is concluded that the 5-aza-CdR, inhibitor of specific methylation transferase, can re-express the silent SHP-1 gene in K562 cells, inhibits the proliferation of leukemia cells and induces cell apoptosis by activating JAK/STAT pathway.

Enlightenment from genome-wide association study to genetics of psoriasis / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Psoriasis is a common autoimmune and hyper proliferative skin disease, characterized by thick, silvery scale patches. Numerous family studies have provided compelling evidence of a genetic predisposition to psoriasis, although the inheritance pattern is unclear. However, few of these studies have achieved consistent results, except for the MHC locus, a problem frequently encountered in the investigation of complex disease. Using high-throughput techniques to genotype hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms explore their relationship with phenotypes, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are now proven to be a powerful approach for screening the susceptibility genes (loci) of complex disease. Recently, three GWAS on psoriasis published in Nature Genetics have provided us with many novel clues concerning disease pathogenesis, in both immune and non-immune pathways. The MHC locus (HLA-Cw6 and other MHC variance), the major locus involved in the immune reactions of human immune disease, has consistently been shown to be associated with psoriasis, both in previous linkage and present GWAS. IL-12B and IL23R, which are the two non-MHC genes with highly associated evidence with psoriasis in multiple studies performed so far and potent cytokines with complex biological activities, should be of great importance in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Recent clinical trials, in which anti-IL-12p40 antibodies were used for the treatment of psoriasis, have provided further evidence of the role of IL-12/23 in the pathophysiology of psoriasis,and highlighted a new road of treatment for psoriasis. In 2008,we performed the first large GWAS in the Chinese population and identified a novel susceptibility locus within the late cornified envelope (LCE) gene cluster: LCE3A and LCE3D on chromosome 1q21, with conclusive evidence (rs4085613, p(combined)=6.69*10(-30); odds ratio=0.76). Meanwhile, another group also identified a deletion comprising and LCE gene cluster of LCE3B and LCE3C, which is significantly associated with a risk of psoriasis in Spain, Netherland, Italy and USA. Both of these independent studies provided substantial association evidence for the LCE genes involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The LCE genes encode the stratum-corneum proteins of the cornified envelope, which plays an important role in epidermal terminal differentiation. As we know, psoriasis is a disease of interfollicular epidermis and rapid keratinocyte proliferation may cause the production of parakeratotic keratinocytes in psoriatic skin and, thus, the formation of poorly adherent stratum corneum, which in turn results in the characteristic scale or flakes of psoriasis lesions. Although some of the highlighted genes are already targeted by effective psoriasis therapies, others could become future targets for treatments,especially for the LCE genes, which will be very useful for unlocking new drug targets and tailored treatments for this painful, disfiguring skin disease. Meanwhile larger samples and improved strategy for identification of other susceptibility variants to psoriasis and downstream functional study to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of diseases are also needed. Taken together, unremitting efforts of the basic research on psoriasis will lead us to achieve a better treatment and diagnosis for psoriasis in the near future.